Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower

Citadel of Aleppo, courtyard of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad

Citadel of Aleppo, courtyard of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad

In the outer courtyard of the ʿAzm-Palace, now the museum of the arts and popular traditions of Damascus

In the outer courtyard of the ʿAzm-Palace, now the museum of the arts and popular traditions of Damascus

Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam

Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad

Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says

Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says

Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says

Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says

Raqqa/Rafiqa, An old photo of the remains of al-Banat palace before restoration

Raqqa/Rafiqa, An old photo of the remains of al-Banat palace before restoration

Burj as-Saʿa, general view

Burj as-Saʿa, general view

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

General view of Ibn Wardan Palace

General view of Ibn Wardan Palace

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development

Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Courtyard of family wing (so called haramlik or jummwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Courtyard of family wing (so called haramlik or jummwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Main entrance of Ibn Wardan Palace

Main entrance of Ibn Wardan Palace

Ceiling ornament, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Ceiling ornament, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

The northern arcade of the inner courtyard (juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

The northern arcade of the inner courtyard (juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

A fountain rich in geometric decorations in the northern arcade of the courtyard, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

A fountain rich in geometric decorations in the northern arcade of the courtyard, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Raqqa, A side from al-Banat Palace

Raqqa, A side from al-Banat Palace

A part of family wing (so called haramlik oder juwwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

A part of family wing (so called haramlik oder juwwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Courtyard of guest wing (so called selamlik oder barrani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Courtyard of guest wing (so called selamlik oder barrani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Courtyard with fountain in the family wing (so called haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Courtyard with fountain in the family wing (so called haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a1_Close-up view of ornamental panel

Burj as-Saʿa, general view

Burj as-Saʿa, general view

Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace

Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace

View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace

View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a4_Close-up view of carved ornamental star

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. Condition after partial collapse

Fig.41-c_Rubble management_Partial collapse of façade in 2019